How many plastic bottles do you throw away per week? Soda, soft drinks and even water now come in plastic bottles. Nowadays, people tend to use more plastic bottles than glass bottles, because they are lighter and easier to use and can be thrown away afterwards.

Even though using plastics has its plus points, there are major negative effects on the environment; plastics contribute to environmental pollution on a major scale. This may sound hard to believe, but around 1.5 million tons of plastic is used every year in the world just to bottle water.

Let us tell you about plastics in detail. The word ‘plastics’ is used to describe a wide variety of resins or polymers with different characteristics.

Do you know what polymers are? Polymers are a long chain of molecules, a group of many units, taking its name from the Greek word ‘poly’ (meaning many) and ‘meros’ (meaning parts or units).

There are two types of plastics; thermoplastics and thermoset plastics. Thermoplastic polymers can be heated and formed repeatedly. The shape of this polymer molecule is linear (in a line) and slightly branched.

This may give you the idea that the molecules can flow under pressure when heated above their melting point.

On the other hand, thermoset polymers undergo a chemical change when they are heated, creating a three-dimensional network. After they are heated and formed once, these molecules cannot be reheated and reformed.

Plastic from a ‘blow-mould’ (the neck of the bottle is narrower than the body) has a slightly different structure from the plastic used in an ‘injection mould’ (where the opening is the widest part of the product). Out of the two types of plastics, thermoplastics are easier to recycle.

Now that we have given an introduction about plastics, let’s consider the PET recycling machine process; this differs according to the type of plastic we use. The next problem is, how do we identify the type?

Before answering that question, if you have a plastic bottle closeby, turn it upside down and see whether there is a number placed inside a chasing arrow sign. Do you know what this number means?

Obviously, it’s not just another useless mark on the bottle. This is known as the plastic identification or PET recycling machine manufacturer code. This code system was created by the Society for the plastic industry in the 1980s. Let us tell you what each number means.

* No. 1 - Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

These plastics are used to produce soda and water containers, some water-proof packaging and tennis balls.

* No. 2 - High-density Polyethylene (PE)

These plastics are used to make milk, detergent and oil bottles, toys and plastic bags.

* No. 3 - Vinyl/Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Food wrap and water pipes are manufactured from these plastics.

* No. 4 - Low-density Polyethylene

Many plastic bags, shrink wrap and garment bags are made using these plastics.

* No. 5 - Polypropene

Refrigerated containers, bottle tops and chairs are manufactured from these plastics.

* No. 6 - Polystyrene

These plastics are used for meat packaging, throwaway packaging and protective packaging.

* No. 7 - Other usually layered or mixed plastics

There is no PET recycling machine potential for these plastics. They must be discarded.

Out of these types, only PET recycling machine and PE can be recycled. Though PET recycling machine is not done on a major scale in Sri Lanka, we have a few small scale PET recycling plants here.

Recently, we visited one such PET bottle PET recycling machine plant at Boralesgamuwa.

“We do not follow a complex recycling process here. We turn these bottles into another ingredient and export it to China,” said the owner of the recycling plant, Anura Jasenthuliyana.

According to Jasenthuliyana, they get around 20-30 tons of bottles per month through scavengers who collect these bottles from garbage dumps in the Colombo City. When the bottles reach the PET recycling machine plant, they are sorted out.

“We get only PET bottles, so, we don’t have to worry about the type of plastic. We just sort the bottles according to their colours”, said Jasenthuliyana.

“The darker the bottle, the lower its selling price. When reusing these bottles, manufacturers can use any colour for the clear bottles, whereas for the shaded bottles, there’s not much of an option; they can either use the same colour or go for black,” he explained. After the bottles are sorted out, they will be put into a machine and crushed to small pieces.

We are exporting these pieces to China, where they will be melted and used to make polyester fabrics”, he said. Fabric made using these bottles is strong, warm and durable.

The only problem with this fabric is that it doesn’t have a glossy finish, instead it come with a matt finish. Five PET recycling machine manufacturer bottles yield enough fibre for one extra large t-shirt, while 25 two-litre bottles can produce a sweater. PET is also spun like cotton candy to make fibre filling for pillows and quilts. It can also be rolled into clear sheets or ribbon to produce VCR and audio cassettes. Most products which are manufactured from recycled material can’t be recycled for the second time.

“I operate this PET recycling machine plant as a social service, to help keep the city clean. I request the public to help us in this course. What they can do is, sort out the plastics in their households and hand them over to a plastic collection centre,” said Jasenthuliyana.

 

More Plastic Bags and Film Are Recycled than Ever Before; Growing Demand for Plastic Scrap

ARLINGTON, Va., March 16 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ --The recycling of plastic bags and film reached a record high across the United States in 2008, continuing a growing national PET recycling machine .

An estimated 832,394,000 pounds of post-consumer film (including plastic bags and product wraps) were recovered in 2008, according to the latest National Post-Consumer Recycled Plastic Bags and Film Report. This represents a 28 percent increase in bag and film recycling since 2005.

The boost in recycling was driven by greater consumer access to collection programs, primarily at large grocery and retail stores, as well as by new markets for these recycled materials.

The recycling report was conducted by Moore Recycling Associates, Inc. of Sonoma, California, based on information obtained from 79 domestic processors, end-users of film material and exporters. The recycling numbers reported likely understate actual bag and film recycling because export data is more difficult to obtain than data on PET bottle recycling line , and in 2008 there was a shift toward export markets , according to the report. PET recycling machine Data collection also was affected by the rapid spike in the number of collection programs as many stores launched new programs to recover post-consumer plastic bags and product wraps from their customers. There are now retail store collection programs in all 50 states.

"More Americans are recycling plastic bags and film than ever before, driven by a growing recognition that plastic is a valuable resource – too valuable to waste," said Steve Russell, vice president of plastics for the American Chemistry Council. "Recovered plastic bags and wraps can be recycled into many useful products, including durable backyard decking, fencing, railings, shopping carts and, of course, new bags. Increased recycling of bags and film is good for the environment and good for the economy."

 

We all know that the PET recycling machine save energy. Every can that is recycled in one of our Kiosks or a PepsiCo Dream Machine represents 2000 watts of savings; every plastic bottle represents 360 watts saved.

But what is the energy invested in building, shipping and running the kiosks? Do they return more energy than they expend over their lifetime? These are good and important questions. Here are some facts and figures on the environmental footprint of our kiosks. I’ve broken it down into two broad categories: The “upfront” environmental costs of manufacturing and shipping the kiosks, and the “ongoing” environmental costs of operating them.

We’ll take a look at the average capture of the kiosks currently in operation and see how long the “upfront” payback time is, and what the “ongoing” payback is afterward. Then we’ll give our best estimate of the energy and CO2 savings of the 3000 kiosks we expect to be deployed as PET recycling machine and PepsiCo Dream Machines by the end of this year.

This is the kind of transparency and honest assessment we want you to expect from Greenopolis in everything we do. It’s our philosophy that most of us, customers, companies, activists, will do the right thing if we have good information. We’ll track two metrics below, the energy in kilowatts it takes to make and run the machines, and the pounds of CO2 waste that it represents.

Our kiosks are made in Denver. They have two main components: A laptop computer and a steel housing along with some electronics.

Energy And Carbon Cost To Make A Kiosk

The production line at the Denver based plant for the PET recycling machine is better described as integration, rather than manufacturing. The main manufactured element of the kiosks is the cabinet metals, which are sourced from another Denver firm, who have eliminated all solvent-borne paints and powder coatings ,achieved a 100-percent recycle rate of scrap metal, paper, and cardboard, switched to biodiesel, and instituted reusable packaging. The computer manufacturer is also a leader in green energy and waste elimination in their manufacturing processes.

The rest of the materials represent finished electronics and hardware goods. Once the materials are in-house, the rest of the activity is integration, software loading, Q/A, testing, and packaging. Measureable resources consumed in the creation of the kiosks, comes down to utilities (gas / electricity) used to acquire components and operate the facility. Utility costs run between $8K and $11K per month. In Denver, energy costs average 8.24 cents per kilowatt- so this represents roughly 133,495 KW of energy per month to run all the operations of the plant. To be conservative, we’ll figure the total energy of the plant operations as going into the kiosks.

'bottle to bottle' PET bottle recycling line or downcycling ?
when glass, paper and cans are recycled, they become similar products
which (theoretically) can be used and recycled over and over again.
with plastics recycling, however, there is usually only a single re-use.
some soda bottles make it to a recycler who must scramble
to find a buyer, and often ends up selling the bottles at a loss
to an entrepreneur who makes carpeting or traffic strips,
-- anything but new bottles.
and what is the plastic bottling industry doing to create a stronger
recycling market for its product? nothing.
see soda companies and recycling

if you think the latest fashions on the runway are trashy, you might just be right.
PET can be recycled into fibres that are used for polyester fabrics.
major designers used recycled plastic bottles by PET recycling machine for haute couture.
the strength, warmth, and durability properties of virgin and recycled yarns are
the same. the only difference is that recycled yarns have a matte rather than the
glossy finish of virgin polyester.
five PET bottles yield enough fiber for one extra-large t-shirt or
twenty-five two-liter bottles can make one sweater.
five two-liter PET bottles yield enough fiberfill for a ski jacket.
carpet companies can often use 100% recycled resin to manufacture polyesther
carpets in a variety of colors and textures.
PET is also spun like cotton candy to makr fiber filling for pillows and quilts.
it takes 35 two-liter PET bottles to make enough fiberfill for a sleeping bag.
PET can also be rolled ito clear sheets or ribbon for VCR and audio cassettes by PET recycling machine manufacturer .

 

source:blog Odemade

 Nexcycle Plastics PET recycling machine for making polyethylene film. As a polyethylene recycler, werecycle polyethylene for a variety of products made using the extrusion or injection molding processes, i.e., polyethylene film. Our products, NPI ?04HDPE Mixed Color and NPI ?01LL/LD Mixed Color are all manufactured from recycled polyethylene and are ideally suited for making polyethylene film. As a leading polyethylene recycler and compounder, we have an extensive supply of polyethylene and are well placed to offer you a low cost alternative to virgin resin.

What is Polyethylene Film?
As a part of the much larger category of plastic film, our polyethylene products are the most widely used resins for making plastic film. Usually defined as a flat piece of thermoplastic resin with the length considerably longer than the width with a thicknesses of 10 mils (1 mil = 0.001 inch) or less (averaging 0.7 mils to 1.5 mils), PE Film Machine typically includes any flexible sheets of plastic including polyethylene film which has its own unique combination of properties. Derived from ethylene gas, it can be made using addition polymerization in low or high pressure processes which are typically defined according to their density. As an alternative to using metal, glass or some other material, polyethylene film has revolutionized the packaging industry. Available as a thin plastic sheet of varying thicknesses and properties, polyethylene film is used for everything from grocery and garbage bags to packaging wrap for large pallets of boxes.

Resin Properties
Some of the most important properties of our PET bottle recycling line as a plastic film material include its melt index and density properties. They are key indicators of what the melt strength and flow will be for processing. If you're looking for resin to use in blow molding, film extrusion, pipe and profile extrusion processes, the lower the melt index, the greater the melt strength will be. If you're looking for resins for your injection molding process, a higher melt index will mean a faster melt flow which helps to fill the mold cavities in shorter period of time. The properties of our products are listed below:

 

LL/LD RESIN PROPERTIES	ASTM TEST	UNIT ENGLISH (METRIC)	NOMINAL VALUES
Melt Index	D1238	gm/10 min	0.5 to 1.2
Density	D1505	gm/cm3	.918 to .930
-	-	-	-
HDPE RESIN PROPERTIES	ASTM TEST	UNIT ENGLISH (METRIC)	NOMINAL VALUES
Melt Index	D1238	gm/10 min	0.3 to 0.9
Density	D1505	gm/cm3	.945 to .960
-	-	-	-

Applications
There are three main industries that use polyethylene film: packaging, agriculture and horticulture, and construction. As a part of the much larger packaging family called flexible packaging, polyethylene film makes up more than half of all flexible packaging followed closely by aluminum and paper. It also represents a major portion of all plastic packaging which can be used as a bag or wrap for protection. This includes everything from grocery bags to garbage bags, dry cleaning garment bags and plastic or stretch wrap for protecting buildings and crops from excessive moisture.

    * Packaging: the primary function of packaging is to contain the PET recycling machines and here the versatility of polyethylene films with regards to sealing methods is extremely valuable. Polyethylene films can be heat sealed, stapled or stitched, bonded with adhesives or, in some cases, sealed with ultrasonic or high frequency heating. Our low density polyethylene (LDPE) or linear LDPE resins have a lower tensile strength than HDPE, but are often used to make packaging with heat sealing capabilities.
    * Agriculture and Horticulture: The second largest use for polyethylene film is in agriculture and horticulture for crop protection. Film offers less protection than glass in colder climates, but more in warmer climates for loss of heat and water. Related applications include using polyethylene film for mulching, seed conservation, disease and pest control, and conservation.
    * Building and PET recycling line : the building and construction industries account for 25% of polyethylene film consumption. One of the most interesting uses of polyethylene film in buildings is that of a moisture or moisture vapor barrier. Polyethylene film is used as a lightweight tarp for covering up materials and equipment on site. Low density polyethylene is often used for weatherproofing a building under construction. Other related uses include shuttering and the curing of concrete.
 

 

source:bloggum odemade

To help promote the growing national trend of plastic bag recycling, the Progressive Bag Affiliates (PBA) of the American Chemistry Council announces a trio of new recycling partnerships to launch during Earth Month. Hundreds of new recycling bins for plastic bags and product wraps will roll out around the country over the next few weeks as municipal leaders, local businesses and community partners work to spread the message about the importance of plastic bags recycling line .

On April 14th Philadelphia's Temple University, and the PBA will partner with Keep Philadelphia Beautiful and the Pennsylvania Food Merchants Association to launch the citywide plastic bag recycling education campaign "Bring It Back Philly." This event will be broadcast live on the PBA's Ustream Channel at 11:00 AM. The channel also will host a live chat during the event. You can be a part of the conversation by logging in during the livestream or follow event updates on twitter with the hashtag bbphilly.

On April 20th in King County, Washington, PBA will join city and school officials in the "Bag Your Bags, Bring 'em Back" collection challenge at Kennydale Elementary School. At this event children will weigh bags they've been collecting, and the winning group will receive a "green" pizza party. Through this experience, students and area consumers will learn about the importance of recycling their plastic bags and product wraps by plastic recycling machine - and how it's becoming easier and more convenient to do so at grocery stores throughout the community.

Also that week in Florida the PBA will celebrate Earth Day by kicking off the plastic bag recycling campaign, "A Bag's Life," a community-based public education campaign designed to increase awareness of the growing number of convenient opportunities to recycle plastic bags and wraps in the state.

According to the EPA's data, the recycling rate for plastic bags and product wraps has doubled since 2005. In 2008 an estimated 832,394,000 pounds of post-consumer plastic film (including plastic bags and product wraps) were recovered to the latest National Post-Consumer Recycled Plastic Bags and Film Report. The boost in recycling is being spurred, in part, by greater consumer access to collection programs, primarily at large grocery and retail stores, as well as by new markets for these recycled materials.

"More Americans are recycling plastic bags and wraps by pet recycling line than ever before, driven by a growing recognition that plastic is a valuable resource," said Shari Jackson, director of the Progressive Bag Affiliates of the American Chemistry Council. "We're pleased to be a part of these three great events that will help further educate consumers about recycling plastic bags and product wraps.

"It's not just bags, we find that many consumers are surprised to learn that they can return dry-cleaning bags, newspaper bags and plastic wraps from bread, paper towels, cases of soda and more. These materials are recycled into many useful products, including durable backyard decking, fencing, railings, shopping carts and, of course, new bags. What could be more timely than to spread this message during Earth Month," Jackson said.

Last year, the Progressive Bag Affiliates announced a landmark recycling goal of 40 percent recycled content in all plastic shopping bags made by these PET recycling machines by 2015. When fully implemented, the Full Circle Recycling Initiative will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 463 million pounds, conserve enough energy (mainly natural gas) to heat 200,000 homes, and reduce waste by 300 million pounds every year. More information is available at www.americanchemistry.com/fullcircle.

 

source: blogigo odemade  

Many municipal recycling programs throughout the United States still do not accept plastic lids, tops and caps, even though they take the containers that accompany them. The reason is that lids typically are not made from the same kind of plastic as their containers, and therefore should not be mixed together with them.

Plastic Lids and Plastic Containers Don’t Mix
“Just about any plastic can be recycled by plastic recycling line ,” says Signe Gilson, Waste Diversion Manager for Seattle-based CleanScapes, one of the West Coast’s leading “green” solid waste and recycling collectors, “but when two types are mixed, one contaminates the other, reducing the value of the material or requiring resources to separate them before processing.”

Recycling Plastic Lids and Caps May Pose Dangers to Workers
Also, plastic caps and lids can jam processing equipment at recycling facilities, and the plastic containers with tops still on them may not compact properly during the recycling process. They can also present a safety risk for recycling workers.

“Most plastic bottles are baled for transport, and if they don’t crack when baled the ones with tightly fastened lids can explode when the temperature increases,” Gilson says.

Most Communities Ask Consumers to Discard Plastic Lids and Caps
Some plastic recycling machines do accept plastic caps and lids, but usually only if they are off their containers completely and batched separately. Given the many potential issues, however, most recyclers would rather avoid taking them altogether. Thus, it is hard to believe but true: In most locales, the responsible consumers are the ones who throw their plastic caps and lids into the trash instead of the recycling bin.

Metal Lids and Caps Can Sometimes Be Recycled
As for metal caps and lids, they, too, can jam processing machines, but many municipalities accept them for recycling anyway because they do not cause any batch contamination issues. To deal with the potentially sharp lid of any can you are recycling (such as a tuna, soup or pet food can), carefully sink it down into the can, rinse it all clean, and put it in your pet recycling line .

Buying in Bulk Means Fewer Plastic Lids and Caps to Process
Of course, the best way to reduce all kinds of container and cap recycling is to buy in large rather than single-serving containers. Does the event you’re holding really require dozens and dozens of 8- to 16-ounce soda and water bottles, many of which will get left behind only partly consumed anyway? Why not buy large soda bottles, provide pitchers of (tap) water, and let people pour into reusable cups?

The same kind of approach can be taken with many if not all of the bottled and canned grocery items we buy routinely for our homes. If more people bought in bulk, apportioning out of fewer, larger containers, we could take a huge bite out of what goes into the waste stream.

 

source:  blogigo odemade

A  filling machines and bottle washing machine in accordance with the present invention comprises a rotating spoke assembly 2 mounted for rotation within a cylindrica.

A through passageway is provided through the lower portion of the cylindrical drum 4 at the six o'clock position. A conveyor line 10 extends through the passageway 8 on which bottles 12 are conveyed to the rotating spoke assembly 2, rotated therearound to washing, rinsing, drying and filling positions, and then when filled conveyed away from the washing and filling machine to the next processing station such as capping the bottles, applying labels and the like.

Modification of the invention provide additional improvements over the prior art, including one modification in which each bottle is rotated through two separate orbits. In one orbit, the bottles are washed with a detergent, and then filled during the second orbit.

In another modification, two side-by-side circular rows of bottles are carried around the cylindrical drum by the rotary spoke assembly, for rinsing, aerating and filling of two sets of bottles during each revolution.

Other improvements and advantages of the bottle filling machines in accordance with the present invention will become apparent from the more detailed description which follows and from an examination of the accompanying drawings.
A bottle filling machine as set forth, wherein said filling means includes a valve assembly, said valve assembly includes a first inlet port connected to a supply of selected fluid material with which said bottles are to be filled, outlet port means for discharging a portion of said selected fluid material to each of said bottles while being continuously moved through at least a part of said bottle filling portion of said rotational pathway, said fluid conduit means being connected between said outlet port means and each one of said bottles to continuously rotate with said bottles and carry respective portions of said selected fluid material to fill respective ones of said bottles while they are being rotated.

A bottle filling machine manufacturer as set forth in claim 3, wherein said valve plate includes a bearing surface to face and bear against said bearing surface of said rotatable valve member, said valve plate being secured in a fixed position on said bottle filling machine coaxially with said central axis of said rotatable assembly and with said rotational pathway in which said rotatable assembly is rotated, said first inlet aperture being located radially in line with said three o'clock position of said rotational pathway to feed selected fluid filling material to and through said first discharge apertures in said first circular pathway of said rotatable valve member for feeding into said bottles as they are continuously rotated past the said three o'clock position moving clockwise.

A bottle filling machine as set forth in claim 10, wherein said valve plate includes a bearing surface to face and bear against said bearing surface of said rotatable valve member, said valve plate being secured in a fixed position on said bottle filling machine china coaxially with said central axis of said rotatable assembly and with said rotational pathway in which said rotatable assembly is rotated, said first inlet aperture being located radially in line with said three o'clock position of said rotational pathway to feed selected fluid filling material to and through said second discharge apertures in said second circular pathway of said rotatable valve member for feeding into said bottles in said second orbit as they are rotated past the said three o'clock position moving clockwise, said fluid conduit means of said filling means including first orbit fluid conduit means connected between said first discharge apertures and said bottles in said first orbit, and second fluid orbit conduit means connected between said second discharge apertures and said bottles in said second orbit.

In a first modified form of the bottle washing and filling machines , the bottles are rotated through two revolutions around the drum by a modified dual spoke assembly. The dual spoke assembly includes a first spoke assembly comprising a plurality of spokes extending radially from the axle adjacent the downstream side of the rear wall  of the drum , with separator pads secured to the free ends of the spokes . The dual spoke assembly also includes a second spoke assembly comprising a plurality of spokes extending radially from the axle adjacent to the first spoke assembly and on the downstream side thereof, the second spoke assembly having separator pads secured to the free ends of its spokes .

In this modified form of the bottle washing and filling machine, each bottle is rotated through two complete revolutions, first carried around the spoke assembly of the modified dual spoke assembly wherein each bottle  is washed and rinsed with a detergent and then diverted by guide rail at the six o'clock position viewed from the front, into the path of the second spoke assembly for a second revolution around the drum 4 wherein each bottle is filled with a liquid material such as distilled water.

 

 

source:townhall|bottle filling machine

In short the new invention allows a constant supply of purified water by automatically refilling the five gallon bottle as water is used from the bottle. The internal float allows the filtered and purified water to enter the bottle thereby replenishing it. The newly invented device has a vent port in the bottle which allows air to move in and out of the bottle displacing the water that is drawn from the system and then replaced.
To start a bottled water equipment company:
1.Secure a spring water source. The purest spring water is generally found in remote areas far from industry and commercial development. Spring water filling machine companies lease the rights to pump the water from the owner of the property on which the spring is located. It is critical to secure a long-term lease, with the help of an attorney experienced in water rights issues. The two most valuable assets a spring water bottling company has are its water leases and its customer base.

2.Decide on a business model. Spring water companies distribute their products both to retail stores and directly to residential customers. Each presents its own challenges. In retail stores, you will be competing against larger bottling companies that might have had relationships with the stores for many years. Residential delivery involves considerable marketing expense in the beginning to tell customers about your product and build your customer base.

3.Create a brand image. As with any consumer product, your company's brand image, including the design of your packaging, is critical to your success. You need to think of a theme for your advertising and packaging that you want consumers to remember. Often, bottled filling machines manufacturer emphasize freshness, purity, pristine mountains where the water is found, and other themes involving the health benefits of spring water.

4.Secure capital for your venture. A bottled water company is relatively capital intensive, and major expenses incurred early on include the cost of leasing or buying bottling equipment, leasing delivery trucks, leasing space for production, warehousing and administration, purchasing an initial inventory of bottles, and the marketing costs to launch your venture. Do a detailed forecast of these expenses, using numbers provided by the suppliers you have chosen to do business with. Create a business plan describing your venture to present to prospective sources of capital.

5.Set up a bottling facility. Because the public will not be visiting the filling machine plant, it can be located in a part of town where the facility lease costs are low. You need to take into consideration the miles your trucks will travel to bring the fresh spring water to the plant, and then to deliver the finished product to customers. Fuel costs are one of the largest variable expenses of a bottled water company.
 
 
 
source:townhall|bottled water equipment 

The present invention pertains to water coolers or dispensers and the related arts. More specifically, the present invention provides bottled filling machines which eliminates the necessity of continually replacing bottles of water in a water cooler or dispenser.

Conventional water coolers or dispensers comprise a source of bottled water which is inverted upon a main fram water stand which is provided with at least one spigot for dispensing water from the inverted bottle of water. Needless to say, this requires periodic replacement of the bottle of water which is quite heavy and clumsy to handle, especially since it must be opened first and then inverted upon the stand. Additionally, it requires storage of considerable numbers of bottles of water for an installation consuming a great deal of water, for example, a large office building employing numerous workers.

Considerable advances have been made in the purified water and related arts to provide a source of quality water from conventional water tap systems utilizing small compact water purifiers employing a carbon and/or reverse osmosis filtration system, or a combination of both. However, the public has been accustomed to associating the highest quality of water with conventional bottled water equipments derived from a source such as an artisan well spring or the like source, whereas, it can be clearly shown by qualitative analysis that conventional tap water from any source, and for that matter, from unpurified sources such as river, streams, and the like, can be treated by purification to render a higher quality water product than that obtainable from said former sources. Again though, people have been conditioned to feel that any source of water from a bottled water cooler is of higher quality than conventional tap water, such as provided through a city drinking water system.

The present invention overcomes the above prior art problems by providing a bottled water look alike stand; however, provides a water source of much higher and consistent quality by virtue of providing a source of purified water in combination with the present bottle refill system design.

Among the many advantages and features of the present invention is the fact that it is simply constructed and provides a continuous source of high quality water at much less unit cost. Moreover, it dispenses with the necessity of storing additional filling machines of water and the handling difficulty of installing such bottles of water upon a water stand.

The above together with other features and advantages of the instant invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art in light of the details of construction and operation of the present water bottle refill system as shown in the drawing and described in the ensuing detailed disclosure of the preferred embodiment(s) which is particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Are you familiar with a show on the Discovery Channel called How Its Made? The show basically takes its viewer's through the elaborate process from the raw materials the product is made from to the finished product. Many episodes from How Its Made talk about the different filling machines that partake in the creation of the product throughout the different stages of the production line. Furthermore, some of the products they show are either foods or beverages.

Many of us prefer to drink soda while others like bottled water, however they both involve the same type of equipment that transfers the gallons of liquid which is mixed in large tanks to the containers the liquid will fill, which end up in your pantries or refrigerators. Mass production wouldn't be possible if it were not for the water filling machines that participate in this process, can you imagine doing all that by hand?

When you shop in a grocery store and you stroll up the condiments aisle, for the cookout later this week, you notice all the containers filled with ketchup, mustard, relish, and BBQ sauce which you could find in many grocery stores around the world. This is all made possible with these machines that bottle all sorts of edible or inedible things that allow these companies to mass produce them.

Here is a brief walk through of the tedious tasks involved with these filling machines .

 

 

source:dr-machines news|filling machines

To help promote the growing national trend of PET recycling machine , the Progressive Bag Affiliates (PBA) of the American Chemistry Council announces a trio of new recycling partnerships to launch during Earth Month. Hundreds of new recycling bins for plastic bags and product wraps will roll out around the country over the next few weeks as municipal leaders, local businesses and community partners work to spread the message about the importance of recycling plastic bags.

On April 14th Philadelphia's Temple University, and the PBA will partner with Keep Philadelphia Beautiful and the Pennsylvania Food Merchants Association to launch the citywide plastic bag recycling education campaign "Bring It Back Philly." This event will be broadcast live on the PBA's Ustream Channel at 11:00 AM. The channel also will host a live chat during the event. You can be a part of the conversation by logging in during the livestream or follow event updates on twitter with the hashtag #bbphilly.

On April 20th in King County, Washington, PBA will join city and school officials in the "Bag Your Bags, Bring 'em Back" collection challenge at Kennydale Elementary School. At this event children will weigh bags they've been collecting, and the winning group will receive a "green" pizza party. Through this experience, students and area consumers will learn about the importance of plastic recycling machinery and product wraps - and how it's becoming easier and more convenient to do so at grocery stores throughout the community.

Also that week in Florida the PBA will celebrate Earth Day by kicking off the plastic bag recycling campaign, "A Bag's Life," a community-based public education campaign designed to increase awareness of the growing number of convenient opportunities to recycle plastic bags and wraps in the state.

According to the EPA's data, the recycling rate for plastic bags and product wraps has doubled since 2005. In 2008 an estimated 832,394,000 pounds of post-consumer plastic film (including plastic bags and product wraps) were recovered to the latest National Post-Consumer Recycled Plastic Bags and Film Report. The boost in recycling is being spurred, in part, by greater consumer access to collection programs, primarily at large grocery and retail stores, as well as by new markets for these recycled materials.

"More Americans are plastic recycling lines and wraps than ever before, driven by a growing recognition that plastic is a valuable resource," said Shari Jackson, director of the Progressive Bag Affiliates of the American Chemistry Council. "We're pleased to be a part of these three great events that will help further educate consumers about recycling plastic bags and product wraps.

"It's not just bags, we find that many consumers are surprised to learn that they can return dry-cleaning bags, newspaper bags and plastic wraps from bread, paper towels, cases of soda and more. These materials are recycled into many useful products, including durable backyard decking, fencing, railings, shopping carts and, of course, new bags. What could be more timely than to spread this message during Earth Month," Jackson said.

Last year, the Progressive Bag Affiliates announced a landmark recycling goal of 40 percent PET recycling line content in all plastic shopping bags made by these companies by 2015. When fully implemented, the Full Circle Recycling Initiative will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 463 million pounds, conserve enough energy (mainly natural gas) to heat 200,000 homes, and reduce waste by 300 million pounds every year.

 

 

source:odemade news|PET recycling line

The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a polymer for PET bottle again from resin bottle wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate (hereafter, this may be abbreviated as PET) as the main component. More specifically, the invention relates to a method carried out as follows: resin bottle wastes containing PET as the main component and further containing components different from PET are subjected to pretreatments of crushing, washing, removing foreign bodies etc.; the product is subjected to chemical reaction treatments to recover a high-purity dimethyl terephthalate (hereafter, this may be abbreviated as DMT) as an effective component; terephthalic acid (hereafter, this may be abbreviated as TA) is obtained through chemical reactions from the recovered DMT; and further the terephthalic acid is converted to a PET polymer for PET bottles.

Bottled water, once a rarity, is now found everywhere, in homes, offices, stores, airplanes, and restaurants. But more and more people are questioning whether the water, and the package it comes in, is safe, or at least safer than tap water -- and if the convenience is worth the environmental impact. Here are a few ways to PET bottle recycling line .Make Ice Pack : Freeze water in them to put in the picnic cooler or wherever, as the ice melts it does not make a mess everywhere.Turn them into Funnels : Cutting the bottom off a PET bottle can turn it into a super handy funnel for use in all sorts of applications.

A polyalkylene terephthalate, especially PET is manufactured and used in large quantities in the fields of living related materials such as fiber, film and resin, food related materials such as bottles for drinking water and carbonated drinks, and others because of its excellent chemical stability.

However, the disposal of wastes of fiber, film and resin products, and off-specification PETs, which are largely generated with increasing manufacturing quantities and consumption quantities, is presently becoming large social issues. Regarding material recycling, chemical recycling, thermal recycling etc., various methods have been proposed. Home-Made Candle Holder : Particularly useful for outdoor events or for keeping the breeze from blowing out your outdoor candles, cut the bottom off the bottle, invert and insert the candle in the neck of the bottleOn the other hand, although especially the disposal of PET, bottles among the wastes is becoming more serious due to bulkiness, only material recycling that recovered used PET bottles are remelted and fibers are produced from the molten matter, is realized as a PET recycling machine method. But, when melt molding is simply used, it is not possible to reuse as PET bottles because of the deterioration of physical properties.

Further, a refilling method that PET bottles are washed and refilled has issues regarding the following, that is, who paying the cost of recovery, the points of safety and hygiene, and limitation in the number of times of reusing. The PET bottles are ultimately disposed, and the method can not be an permanent countermeasure. Further, PET bottle wastes contain foreign resins represented by polystyrene (hereafter, this may be abbreviated as PS), polypropylene (hereafter, this may be abbreviated as PP) and polyethylene (hereafter, this may be abbreviated as PE) which are originated from PET bottle product-constituting materials, for example, labels, shrink films, base caps, caps or the like, foreign plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (hereafter, this may be abbreviated as PVC) and polyolefinic resins, aluminum derived from caps and aluminum cans, iron derived from steel cans, adhesives, pigments, dyes and others.

Timber Protector / Soften up those Hard Edges : The tops of fence posts and garden stakes can be covered with round bottle sections, protecting the timber from the weather or stopping you for accidentally causing yourself an injury when bending over the garden.Use as Home Brewed Beer Bottles : Home brew can be stored in these bottles very effectively.Even in a bale of PET bottles recovered through collection of classified refuse, the mixing of foreign materials is hardly avoided. Even in chemical PET recycling lines are decomposed to monomers constituting the PET polymer by using a solvent such as water, methanol (hereafter, this may be abbreviated as MeOH) or ethylene glycol (hereafter, this may be abbreviated as EG), and the monomers are reused, the foreign materials generate various decomposition gases (for example, hydrogen chloride gas etc.) and various decomposition products (for example, lower hydrocarbons etc.) in the courses of heating process and reaction process, or mixed materials themselves sometimes largely deteriorate the quality of the monomer (DMT) recovered by chemical reactions, or they melt and become solid in recovering apparatuses to damage machinery and tools.

Namely, although chemical recycling has an allowance of the mixing of impurities larger than that of material recycling, it is required to remove the impurities almost completely in pretreatment processes. Further, it is generally known that the PET polymer for bottles is manufactured by obtaining an oligomer through an ester interchange reaction or an esterification reaction of DMT or TA used as a starting material with EG followed by a polycondensation reaction which is carried out successively. In this case, the DMT or TA of the raw material should be highly purified, and the contents of impurities should be sufficiently little; and otherwise, the obtained PET polymer can not be used for PET bottles.

Due to the circumstances having above mentioned various restrictions, no process capable of recovering effective components from used PET bottles through a chemical PET recycling machine supplier and again obtaining a PET polymer usable for PET bottles has been reported. The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional technologies and to propose a process that, even from used PET bottles containing impurities, a pollution-free high-purity monomer (DMT) can be obtained, and a PET polymer suitable for PET bottles can be manufactured effectively from the high-purity DMT.

A method for Mask making machine for optical lithography or other projection printing, wherein the mask is represented by a mask pattern, is disclosed herein. The mask provides a substantially binary output image on the surface of a wafer as light is applied to the mask. Light passes through the mask and onto a wafer at varying intensities, such intensities represented by output intensity values, the threshold values of which produce output images within predetermined constraints. The method includes the steps of defining sampling points which are representative of the binary output image. These sampling points are used in defining local objective functions, which are combined to give a total objective function. The present invention further includes the steps of adjusting the mask pattern to provide for minimization by optimization of the objective function, transferring the mask pattern to a mask generating machine to generate a mask, and generating a mask. Moreover, the present invention includes the step of providing an output image which is focused on a plurality of optical planes. Furthermore, the present invention includes the step isolating three of the plurality of optical planes so that their output intensity is optimized at these planes, thereby producing a focusing plane shift at the center focal plane as well as producing an extended depth of focus.

The present invention relates to a method for mask maker manufacturer for optical lithography or other projection printing. More specifically, it relates to a method which utilizes optimization by minimization to make adjustments in a mask pattern. As the minimum feature size of VLSI circuits drops to submicron regions, distortion due to optical diffraction can no longer be neglected. An established practice in microphotolithography to overcome distortions is to introduce deliberate distortions in the mask artwork. The corrections are usually based on experience gained by a process of trial and error. For the recently developed phase-shifting masks, experience is scarce, and intuitions are hard to develop. Therefore, a systematic technique to determine suboptimal, if not optimal, pre-distorted masks can facilitate conventional, chromeless, and phase-shifting mask design.

While phase-shifting masks are used to overcome the diffraction consequences of conventional (binary) masks, and hence provide better resolution than conventional masks, phase-shifting masks contain more information than a conventional transmission mask, and therefore require more complex patterning procedures. For example, a designer of phase-shifting masks should not only take into account the need to compensate for diffraction, but should also provide destructive interference at the wafer's surface for good resolution, therefore making use of the diffraction. Moreover, a designer should also build mask topography which projects a three-dimensional image that adapts to the expected wafer topography. Accordingly, there is a need for a method of designing and, therefore mask making machines which provides the aforedescribed characteristics.

It is therefore a general object of the present invention to provide a method for making mask for optical lithography or other projection printing.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for making masks providing contractive and destructive interference at the wafer's surface so that the output image has good resolution.
It is a further object to provide mask pattern which projects a three-dimensional image that adapts to the expected wafer topography.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a fast, computer aided design tool for designing and making both conventional and phase-shifting masks.

The foregoing and other objects of the invention are achieved by method for making masks which compensates for optical diffraction, provides for an extended depth of focus and allows a shift of the focus plane. These features are made possible by defining the mask elements in terms which are amendable to formulation as a combinatorial optimization problem.

A mask which is represented by a china mask maker pattern, provides a substantially binary output intensity image on the surface of a wafer as light passes through the mask. As light passes through the mask and onto a wafer at varying intensities, the intensities are represented by output intensity values.
The method of the present invention begins with a first or initial mask pattern and then reconfigures the pattern so that its output at the wafer is the desired pattern. At the end of the method, the threshold values of the output intensity values are mostly within predetermined constraints.

The method includes the steps of defining sampling points which are representative of the binary output image. These sampling points are used in defining local objective functions, which are combined to give a total objective function. The present invention further includes the steps of adjusting the mask pattern to provide for minimization by optimization of the objective function, transferring the mask pattern to a mask generating machine to generate a mask, and generating a mask. Moreover, the present invention includes the step of providing an output image which is optimized on a plurality of optical planes. Furthermore, the present invention includes the step of isolating a number, such as three, of the plurality of focal planes so that their output intensity is maximized, thereby producing a focusing plane shift at the center optical plane. Finally, after the final mask making machine for sale pattern is generated, the mask pattern is transferred to a mask generating machine which generates the physical mask used in a photolithography or other optical printing process.

In summary, the present invention provides a method for making masks which compensates for optical diffraction, provides for an extended depth of focus and allows a shift of the focus plane. These features are made possible by defining the mask elements in terms which are amenable to formulation as a combinatorial optimization problem. By defining an error function as violations of threshold constraints and creating a non-linear function to represent the cost violations, a simulated annealing algorithm is used in the adjusting step of the present invention. The explanations of the figures disclosed herein show that the present invention can be used with partially coherent illumination which is, typically, otherwise difficult to predict.

While the present invention has been shown and described in what is presently conceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment of the invention, it will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications thereof may be made within the scope of the invention, which scope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation of the claims so as to encompass all equivalent structures.

 

 

source:freepatentsonline